One, the hardware structure that summarizes CNC device, press CPU more or less will divide, cent is stand-alone system and much chance system. Normal >1. Stand-alone system: Whole CNC device has a CPU only, the way that it is controlled centrally and management handles will realize all sorts of numerical control functions. Normal > advantage: Invest little, structure simple, come true easily. Normal > defect: The function gets CPU word the limitation of width of long, data, addressability and operation speed. Normal >2. Much chance system: There are two in CNC device or the CPU of two above. Differ according to the correlation between CPU, can divide again for: Normal > (1) system of construction of principal and subordinate. There is a CPU only in the system (advocate CPU) to systematic natural resources (memory, bus line) have control and access, and the functional component of other CPU (intelligent component) , its CPU has no right to control and use systematic resource, can receive the control command of acceptor acceptor CPU or data only, or give out request information to require data in order to win place to CPU. It is a CPU is in dominant position, other CPU is in the structure of appurtenant position. Normal > (2) much advocate structural system. The system has two or the contains CPU function part of two above has control and access to systematic natural resources. Functional component uses close coincidence (hang in same system bus line, concentration is inside a box) , have centralized operating system, arbitrate through bus line implement (software, hardware) will solve problem of contention bus line, will exchange information through public memory. Normal > (3) distributed construction system. The system has two or the contains CPU function module of two above, the moving environment that every module has him to become independent (bus line, memory, operating system) , loose coincidence is used between module, go up in the space but relatively dispersive, use communication means to exchange information. Normal > looks from hardware architecture, stand-alone structure and structure of principal and subordinate are extremely similar, the functional module in CPU module and stand-alone structure is equivalent, just the function is stronger just. So, call stand-alone structure and structure of principal and subordinate sheet advocate structural system. 2, stand-alone or advocate the functional introduction of structural module pursues block diagram of 1 hardware structure pursues 1 for block diagram of its hardware structure. The hardware of device of this kind of CNC is the module composition that differs by a certain number of functions, the component of system of each module since, have opposite independent character again, belong to modular structure. Modular devise a method: control the system differentiates to have the unit module of independent function by the function. Every module deserves to go up corresponding drive software. The demand that presses a function chooses different functional module, insert its control unit on mother board, form a whole control system. Unit mother board the passive mother that is bus line structure commonly board, it offers the signal channel of the interconnection between module. The action of each hardware module in CNC device introduces below. (one) the computer advocate board with systematic bus line (mother board) Normal >1. The computer advocate board Normal > the core that it is CNC device. At present CNC device uses the systematic architecture that is based on a PC generally, namely the interconnected system of computer science department of CNC device is complete on the function the PC with the standard is same, each hardware module all as compatible as standard of PC bus line. Its purpose is the software that uses a PC to abound and hardware OEM resource. Raise systematic adaptability, open sex so, lower the price, shorten development cycle. Normal > differs somewhat in all of computer science department of device of the CNC on the structure and PC. Advocate board as detached as systematic bus line, bus line is passive mother board, advocate board make it inserts calorie of form, compositive degree taller: ALL-IN-ONE advocate board. Normal > includes functional construction: Normal > (1) CPU chip and its periphery chip; Normal > (2) memory unit, Cache and its periphery chip; Normal > (3) communication interface (string together a mouth, and interface of mouth, clavier) ; Normal > (4) interface of soft, hard drive. Normal > action: To inputting all sorts of data in CNC device, information (all sorts of spare parts machine program, I/O information) have corresponding arithmetic and logistic operation. And the basis handles a result, issue control command, deferent data to other function module, it is user instruction is able to carry out. Normal >2. Systematic bus line has the physical lead of information of a group of deferent numbers to comprise. It is the channel that computer interior has data and information are exchanged, from group of the branch on the function: Normal > (1) data bus line: The passageway that the data between each module exchanges. The root number of the line and data width are equal. It is two-way bus line. Normal > (2) address bus line: It is the bus line that deferent data deposits an address. Be united in wedlock with data bus line, can decide the origin ground of the data on data bus line and destination. One-way bus line. Normal > (3) dominate bus line: The bus line that is a group of deferent management or control signal (of data read, write, control, interrupt, restoration, I/O is read write reach all sorts of affirming signal) . One-way bus line. (2) indication module (indication card) it is the module with very strong versatility, have VGA card, SVGA card, inchoate have: CGA, EGA. Need not him user is developed. Action: Accept the control that comes from CPU commands and show used data, of classics and CRT sweep take aim after signature is made, generate the video signal that CRT place needs. (3) input / output module (muti_function card) the PC module that this module also is a standard, need not him user is developed. This module is the interface that CNC device and outside undertake data and information are exchanged board. Pass this interface, from exterior input equipment gets data, also carry data peripheral equipment. Input equipment: Punched tape reader; Export equipment: Card punch of printer, punched tape; Input / export equipment: Disk drive, recorder, magetic tape station; Communication interface: RS232. ALL-IN-ONE advocate board can omit this board. Above 3 parts, deserve to go up clavier, power source, box, it is system of general purpose computer, it is the core of CNC device, determine its class and performance. (4) electron dish (memory module) electron dish it is the memory module with CNC peculiar device, deposit data and parameter: Normal > (1) systematic software and inherent data. Normal > (2) configuration parameter of the system (gain of the definition of feed number of axle, axis, system) Normal > (3) the spare parts machine program of the user stores parts of an apparatus has 3 kinds at present: Normal > (1) magnetic storage parts of an apparatus: Soft, hard disk, can read randomly write. Normal > (2) the smooth parts of an apparatus that put store: CD. Normal > (3) semiconductor (electron) the parts of an apparatus that put store: RAM, ROM, FLASH. Normal > two kinds make external storage commonly, capacity big, price is low, the electron puts lay aside parts of an apparatus to make internal storage commonly. Electronic memory parts of an apparatus uses as commonly internal storage. Read by its keep property, can divide it is 3 kinds: Normal > (1) read-only memory component (ROM, PROM, EPROM) : The characteristic is can numerate only the data that its deposit, and cannot revise it at any time. Use at solidify system software and the parameter with inherent system. Normal > (2) break a gender easily to read randomly keep memory component (RAM) : The characteristic is can undertake reading writing operating at any time, but drop report its store information will be lost entirely. Basically use as the delay of all of computer science department inch implement Cache. Normal > (3) blame is easy break a gender to read keep memory component (the E2PROM, FLASH, RAM that carries mothball battery) : The characteristic is can undertake reading writing operating at any time, and drop report its store information also won't be lost. Use at depositing machine program of configuration parameter of the system, spare parts. Normal >CNC device as external storage, and do not use magnetic storage parts of an apparatus. Because the working environment of CNC device suffers electromagnetism interference likely, store with magnetism dependability of parts of an apparatus is low, electronic memory parts of an apparatus fights electromagnetism to disturb ability some stronger. Normal > stores by the electron parts of an apparatus is comprised has administrative by disk management pattern, reason calls an electron dish. (5) equipment assists device of CNC of control interface module to have two kinds to the treatment control of the machine tool: It is pair of machine tools the control of the athletic speed of each reference axis and position, namely orbit control. It is the motion that implementation G dictates place sets. Of the 2 such as main shaft that are pair of machine tools open stop, inverting, change cutting tool, the clamp of workpiece, loose, of hydraulic pressure, cooling, lubricant system move etc undertake controlling. This is according to CNC interior and machine tool the each journey switch, switch such as sensor, pushbutton, relay estimates signal position, press the control that the logistic order that sets beforehand has, namely sequence control. It is the movement that implements M instruction provision. Equipment assists control interface module to realize the module of sequence control namely. Normal >CNC device should have sequence control to the auxiliary movement of the machine tool, should accept the exterior signal that comes from a machine tool to go up (journey switch, sensor, pushbutton, relay) ; 2 it is to want to go with the instruction of generation implementation of corresponding parts of an apparatus assists drive movement. But CNC device both neither can be accepted directly come from a machine tool external signal, because these signal are in,the signal that form, n and CNC can accept does not match, and return meeting notes smuggled into an examination hall to disturb signal; Cannot direct drive assists a movement to carry out parts of an apparatus, because the output of CNC dictates,in form, n, power the input that also cannot satisfy executive parts of an apparatus asks. So, need has the changeover interface of a signal, this is equipment assists control interface module. The action of this module is: Normal > (1) to the input of CNC output signal has corresponding transition, include transmit electricity to make the same score changeover, model / several changeover, number / modular changeover, number / changeover of arteries and veins, power matchs changeover. Normal > (2) block breaks exterior interference signal to enter CNC computer, in electric admiral CNC and exterior signal segregation. Normal > place should change has 3 kinds: Switch quantity, imitate quantity and pulse are measured. Normal > equipment assists the implementation fashion that controls interface to basically have: Normal > (1) simple I/O interface board. Graph 2, photoelectricity keeps apart segregation of the electric equipment since parts of an apparatus and n to change intention; Recuperation circuit undertakes to inputting signal wave of plastic, filter is handled. Normal > (2) PLC control: Normal > is a kind inside outfit PLC, rise integratedly with CNC of the design, it is CNC piece one part, undertake in CNC interior with the information exchange of CNC, cannot work independently. But as common as CNC a CPU, OK also and alone CPU. The consideration is united when the design as a result of the function of the function of CNC and PLC, the construction of whole of hard, software of PLC is reasonable, price of practical, sex is compared tall. Applicable not as big as type commutation several machine tools. Because PLC and CNC connect a line less and information can the monitor of CNC shows, diagnostic function of more convenient, breakdown has 10 PLC process designing rise, raise the dependability of CNC system. Normal > is independence PLC another kind, the PLC that by professional word manufacturer the home produces will realize sequence control; Independent at CNC, have function of complete hard, software, can finish control job independently. Basically consider when type selecting: Input / standard of technology of output signal interface, input / memory capacity of output check the number, program, operation and control function. Manufacturer home is much, choice room is big, functional dilate is more convenient. Normal > (6) the main component that module of control of position of positional control module is feed servo, it is CNC and servo connective interface. Action is: Accept the position that outputs after CNC interpolation operation to dictate, via adjusting accordingly operation, output speed controls an instruction, after having corresponding shift next, output speed dictates voltage controls unit to speed, go controlling servo electric machinery to move; Mix to closed circuit half closed-loop control, reclaim even real position and effective rate signal, use for the position and speed closed-loop control. Commonly used position controls module to be like next types: Normal >1. Open loop position controls modular Normal Align=center>normal MARGIN-LEFT of system of 3 PLC of graph of L62 Level1 Lfo36" Align=center> : 16. 2pt"> is shown 3 times like the graph, number / the function that pulse alternates is the feed statement that delivers CNC (the number is measured) changeover becomes corresponding frequency (suit with feed speed photograph) impulse of instruction arteries and veins (have note number implement functional chip comes true) ; The function of pulse plastics is to adjust those who output pulse to occupy sky comparing, the quality that improves pulse form (comprise by D trigger and corresponding door circuit) ; The function of round alloter is instruction pulse, the presses a regulation means electrify that the electrify means that asks into electric machinery by the pace undertakes allocation making and cut off the power, control a pace to rotate into electric machinery thereby. Normal >2. Closed circuit position controls module Normal > closed circuit controls module to comprise by 3 parts: Normal > speed instruction changes a part: Control by converter of isolator of Suo Cunqi, photoelectricity, D/A and direction with power enlarge is comprised. Suo Cunqi is accepted come from instruction of CPU calculative speed to be worth hand-in-hand travel lock to put, isolator of photoelectricity of this data classics undertakes electric segregation, speed by D/A converter the instruction is worth this one word to measure changeover to become imitate quantity, speed instruction tension gets after magnifying via power again, control the bulk of feed speed by it. Direction controls circuit to control the direction of feed speed. Normal > position feedback reclaims part: Choose electrify road, photoelectricity by circuit of amplitude comparator, times frequency, spreading isolator and note number implement composition. Amplitude comparator is accepted come from photoelectricity pulse to code dish signal of 3 groups of pulse, output pulse of three-phase of A, B, C. Action is: Improve pulse form forward position, filter drops interference signal. Pulse of two-phase of A, B inputs four frequency multiplier, from CK end outputs the fourfold signal that undee frequency is A, B, the signal that outputs electric machinery direction of rotation from Q end (when A lead B, electric machinery is turning, q=0, conversely, q=1) , pick communication name as direction. After CK carries the circuit of pulse classics spreading of output, send selected electrify the means, this circuit will part to send feedback pulse according to the polarity of Q to tally or negative to tally; After classics photoelectricity is kept apart, tally has count to feedback pulse, CPU is time read from tally take computation to be worth. Via operation processing gets the actual displacement of electric machinery. Normal > speed feedback changes a part: The pulse frequency direct ratio that carries output by four frequency multiplier CK the rotate speed at electric machinery, the frequency that uses linear / voltage is changed (F/V alternates) circuit changes this pulse signal into direct ratio the voltage signal at electric machinery rotate speed, via direction control and power magnify circuit alternates, obtain the signal of speed feedback voltage that carries polarity. Normal > (7) user of implementation of functional interface module is specific the interface of the requirement board. Be like: The signal in supervisory system of profile modeling controller, cutting tool is collected implement etc. 3, much advocate brief introduction of CNC device hardware is much advocate CPU structure, have two or the CPU component of two above, and have use control right to systematic natural resources, close coincidence is used between the component, have centralized operating system, arbitrate through bus line implement will solve problem of bus line contention, will undertake information is exchanged through communal memory. Characteristic: Rate of collateral processing, processing is rapid, can realize more complex system function. Fault tolerance capability is strong. Much advocate the information exchange kind of CNC device decides its configuration: Normal > (one) share bus line structure to be a center with systematic bus line, CNC each function module differentiates to contain CPU or DMA inside device (direct data accesses controller) all sorts of advocate module and from module (module of RAM/ROM, I/O) , module of all principal and subordinate is inserted on the standard system bus line of strict definition, as a result of all advocate module has authority to use systematic bus line, and can allow only in any hour advocate module takes up bus line, accordingly. A bus line arbitrates the orgnaization will rule many module request to use the competitive issue of systematic bus line at the same time. The typical representing that shares bus line structure is FANUC 15 system. Advantage: Structure matched stack of simple, system agile, cost is relative relatively bottom, reliability is high. Defect: Because systematic bus line is " bottleneck " , once bus line gives trouble, whole system suffers an effect. Because use bus line to want classics arbitration, make news transmission rate is reduced. Normal > (2) share memory structure to use multiterminal mouth memory to serve as fair coexistence store implement will come true each advocate between module interrelate and correspond. Because be the same as one hour can be patient of advocate module is right multiterminal mouth memory has a visit, so, mouth of a multiterminal controls logic to solve a visit to conflict. Because design of multiterminal mouth memory is more complex, and because contention memory builds transmission information block,port still is met more, reason uses double port memory commonly. What the MTC1-CNC of American GE company uses is to share memory structure. Share 3 CPU: The input of the editor of program of central CPU responsible numerical control, coding, cutting tool and machine tool parameter; Indication CPU sends video circuit to show the statement of CPU with indication data, time scanning clavier and fold switch condition send CPU to undertake handling. Interpolation CPU finishs control of interpolation operation, position, I/O control and RSvalue="232" UnitName="C" W:sThe task such as T="on">232C communication. Central CPU and the public memory that there are 512 bytes each between indication CPU and interpolation CPU are used at information exchange. CNC Milling